Evidence-Based
Peer Reviewed Studies
The scientific foundation behind OxSHIELD—curated research on grounding, electromagnetic fields, and oxidative stress from leading journals.
Grounding/Earthing Studies
14 peer-reviewed publications
| Title | Authors | Journal | Summary | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Earthing Effects on Mitochondrial Function: ATP Production and ROS Generation | Cecilia Giulivi PhD, Richard Kotz PhD | FEBS Open Bio | Grounding enhances mitochondrial ATP production by 5–11% and reduces ROS generation by 22–33%. | View Study |
| Analysis of the Charge Exchange Between the Human Body and Ground: Evaluation of "Earthing" From an Electrical Perspective | Kent Chamberlin PhD, Wayne Smith PhD, Christopher Chirgwin BSEE, Seshank Appasani BSEE, Paul Rioux BSEE | Journal of Chiropractic Medicine | Small currents (nanoamperes) flow between a grounded human body and the Earth. | View Study |
| The Effects of Grounding on Inflammation, the Immune Response, Wound Healing... | Oschman JL, Chevalier G, Brown R | Journal of Inflammation Research, 2015 | Grounding reduces inflammation and supports immune function. | View Study |
| Earthing: Health Implications of Reconnecting the Human Body... | Chevalier G, Sinatra ST, Oschman JL, Sokal K, Sokal P | Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2012 | Comprehensive review of grounding's health benefits. | View Study |
| Grounding: The Universal Anti-Inflammatory Remedy | Oschman JL, Chevalier G, Ober AC | Journal of Inflammation Research, 2023 | Reinforces grounding as an anti-inflammatory solution. | View Study |
| Grounding (Earthing) the Human Body Reduces Blood Viscosity... | Chevalier G, Sinatra ST, Oschman JL, Delany RM | Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 2013 | Grounding reduces blood viscosity linked to heart disease. | View Study |
| The Biologic Effects of Grounding the Human Body During Sleep | Ghaly M, Teplitz D | Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 2004 | Shows grounding during sleep reduces cortisol and stress. | View Study |
| Integrative and Lifestyle Medicine Strategies Should Include Earthing | Menigoz W, Latz TT, Ely RA, Kamei C, Melvin G, Sinatra D | Explore, 2020 | Recommends grounding in clinical practice. | View Study |
| Grounding After Moderate Eccentric Contractions Reduces Muscle Damage | Brown R, Chevalier G, Hill M | Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine, 2015 | Grounding reduces muscle damage from exercise. | View Study |
| Grounding the Human Body Influences Physiologic Processes | Sokal K, Sokal P | Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 2011 | Explores grounding's effect on physiological markers. | View Study |
| Pilot Study on the Effect of Grounding on Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness | Brown D, Chevalier G, Hill M | Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 2010 | Studies grounding's effects on muscle recovery. | View Study |
| Grounding the Human Body Improves Sleep Quality in Patients with Mild Alzheimer's Disease | Lin CH, Tseng ST, Chuang YC, Kuo CE, Chen NC | Healthcare (Basel), 2022 | Shows improved sleep in Alzheimer's patients. | View Study |
| Changes in Pulse Rate, Respiratory Rate, Blood Oxygenation, Perfusion Index... During and After Grounding | Chevalier G | Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 2010 | Investigates how grounding affects vital physiological parameters. | View Study |
| Effect of Earthing Mats on Sleep Quality in Rats | Estiningtyas E, et al. | International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2024 | Explores sleep quality improvement in rats using earthing mats. | View Study |
RF/EMF and Oxidative Stress Studies
13 peer-reviewed publications
| Title | Authors | Journal | Summary | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) on biomarkers of oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro: A protocol for a systematic review | Bernd Henschenmacher, Annette Bitsch, Tonia de las Heras Gala, Henry Jay Forman, Athanassios Fragoulis, Pietro Ghezzi, Rupert Kellner, Wolfgang Koch, Jens Kuhne, Dmitrij Sachno, Gernot Schmid, Katya Tsaioun, Jos Verbeek, Robert Wright | Environment International, 2021 | Protocol for a systematic review of experimental studies on RF-EMF exposure and oxidative stress biomarkers. | View Study |
| The effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure on biomarkers of oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro: A systematic review of experimental studies | Felix Meyer, Annette Bitsch, Henry Jay Forman, Athanassios Fragoulis, Pietro Ghezzi, Bernd Henschenmacher, Rupert Kellner, Jens Kuhne, Tonia Ludwig, Dmitrij Sachno, Gernot Schmid, Katya Tsaioun, Jos Verbeek, Robert Wright | Environment International, 2024 | Very low certainty evidence showing inconsistent effects of RF-EMF on oxidative stress biomarkers in various tissues and cells. | View Study |
| Role of Mitochondria in the Oxidative Stress Induced by Electromagnetic Fields: Focus on Reproductive Systems | Silvano Junior Santini et al. | Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2018 | EMF exposure increases ROS production and decreases scavenging activity in reproductive systems via mitochondrial mechanisms. | View Study |
| Exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and IARC carcinogen assessment: Risk of Bias preliminary literature assessment for 10 key characteristics of human carcinogens | Myrtill Simkó, Michael H. Repacholi, Kenneth R. Foster, Mats-Olof Mattsson, Rodney J. Croft, Maria Rosaria Scarfi, Vijayalaxmi | Mutation Research – Reviews in Mutation Research, 2025 | Studies on oxidative stress were not included in this review. | View Study |
| Towards 5G communication systems: Are there health implications? | Di Ciaula, Agostino | International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2018 | RF-EMF promotes oxidative stress through increased ROS production, linked to cancer and chronic diseases. | View Study |
| Exposures to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields and their impacts on children's health – What the science knows? | Hyungryul Lim, Jonghyuk Choi, Hyunjoo Joo, Mina Ha | Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health, 2023 | Review of health effects on children; no specific mention of oxidative stress. | View Study |
| Comparing DNA damage induced by mobile telephony and other types of man-made electromagnetic fields | D.J. Panagopoulos | Mutation Research – Reviews in Mutation Research, 2019 | Approximately 80% of EHS patients show oxidative stress biomarkers related to RF/EMF exposure. | View Study |
| Effects of different mobile phone UMTS signals on DNA, apoptosis and oxidative stress in human lymphocytes | S. Gulati, P. Kumar, M. Durdik, M. Sihvola, L. Jurdik, E. Majer, I. Belyaev | Environmental Pollution, 2020 | No effects on ROS levels, but some induction of DNA damage from RF exposure. | View Study |
| Effect of 2400 MHz mobile phone radiation exposure on the behavior and hippocampus morphology in Swiss mouse model | Imam Hasan, Mir Rubayet Jahan, Md Nabiul Islam, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam | Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2021 | RF exposure causes behavioral changes and hippocampal damage; no explicit mention of oxidative stress. | View Study |
| Histopathological changes associated with oxidative stress induced by electromagnetic waves in rats' ovarian and uterine tissues | Ali S.H. Alchalabi, Hasliza Rahim, Erkihun Aklilu, Imad I. Al-Sultan, Abd Rahman Aziz, Mohd F. Malek, Suzanna H. Ronald, Mohd Azam Khan | Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction, 2016 | EMF exposure alters oxidative stress parameters, leading to histopathological changes in reproductive tissues. | View Study |
| Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure on cancer in laboratory animal studies, a systematic review | Meike Mevissen, Angélique Ducray, Jerrold M. Ward, Annette Kopp-Schneider, James P. McNamee, Andrew W. Wood, Tania M. Rivero, Kurt Straif | Environment International, 2025 | Focus on carcinogenicity; no mention of oxidative stress. | View Study |
| Protective role of sesame oil against mobile base station-induced oxidative stress | Ebtisam A. Marzook, Ahmed E. Abd El Moneim, Abdelmonsef A. Elhadary | Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 2014 | EMR from mobile base stations induces oxidative stress by reducing antioxidant enzymes; sesame oil provides protection. | View Study |
| The use of a bed with an insulating system of electromagnetic fields improves immune function, redox and inflammatory states, and decrease the rate of aging | E. Díaz-Del Cerro, C. Vida, I. Martínez de Toda, J. Félix, M. De la Fuente | Environmental Health, 2020 | Insulating from EMFs during sleep improves antioxidant defenses and reduces oxidative stress markers. | View Study |
These studies are curated to represent the current body of scientific literature relevant to OxSHIELD's development. Inclusion does not imply endorsement of all conclusions. Grounded Ventures is committed to rigorous, independent clinical validation.